9 Ways of Translating ‘Very’ to Spanish

9 Ways of Translating ‘Very’ to Spanish Very is one of most overused words in English. In fact, there are editors and teachers who routinely eliminate each very they come across because the word that has become so routine that it can often be left out without much change in meaning. Similarly, the Spanish equivalent, muy, is easy to overuse, especially for beginning Spanish students who dont know many alternatives. Next time youre thinking of using muy in something youre writing, consider the following alternatives. Note that with most, if not all, examples, the Spanish word could be translated ​to English in multiple ways. Using the Suffix -à ­simo for ‘Very’ The suffix -à ­simo is probably the most common alternative to muy. Sometimes a type of superlative, -à ­simo and its plural or feminine forms are added to the end of an adjective that ends in a consonant. So the modified form of azul (blue) is azulà ­simo (very blue). If the adjective ends in a vowel, which accounts for most adjectives, the vowel is dropped first. So the modified form of feo (ugly) is feà ­simo (very ugly), and caro (expensive) becomes carà ­simo (very expensive). In a few cases, a spelling change is needed for pronunciation reasons. For example, if the final consonant is a z, the z changes to c. So the modified form of feliz (happy) is felicà ­simo (very happy). Some examples: Est alegrà ­sima en saber que sus padres tienen salud. (She is very happy to know that her parents are healthy.)Pocas horas antes tenà ­amos  un debilà ­simo frente frà ­o. (A few hours earlier we had a very weak cold front.)Mi madre tiene tristà ­simos recuerdos de la ciudad. (My mother had very sad memories of the city.)Me parece patetiquà ­simo que me mientas todo el tiempo. (It seems very pathetic to me that you are lying to me all the time. Note the spelling change from the unmodified adjective patà ©tetico.)Era una casa de cinco dormitorios, con piscina azulà ­sima en medio de un cà ©sped verdà ­simo. (It was a home with five bedrooms and a very blue swimming pool in the middle of a very green lawn.) The suffix -à ­simo can also be used with some adverbs:  ¡Esperemos llegar prontà ­simo! (I hope we arrive very soon!)Tengo que comer rapidà ­simo porque para ir a mi clase. (I have to eat very quickly in order to go to my class.)He formateado el ordenador y funciona lentà ­simo. (I formatted my computer and it is running very slowly.) Prefixes Meaning ‘Very’ The prefixes archi-, super-, and requete- are used sometimes, most often in informal speech. El senador es archiconservativo. (The senator is very conservative. Note that this prefix doesnt necessarily have the negative connotation that arch- does in English. One common archi- word is archipopular for someone or something extremely popular.)Mi novio es superguapo. (My boyfriend is very good-looking. Super is also often used by itself, rather than as a prefix, in much the same way as super can be.)Este pastel es requetebueno. (This cake is very good.) Using Bien to Mean ‘Very’ Usually translated as the adverb well, bien is sometimes used as a mild form of very, usually with a positive connotation. Sometimes the closest English equivalent is pretty as in hes pretty happy, est bien feliz. Other examples: La mejor hora es bien temprano en la maà ±ana. (The best time is fairly early in the morning.)Eso es bien tonto. (Thats quite silly.)Quisiera un tà © bien caliente. (Id like a nice warm tea.) Using the Adverbs Sumamente and Extremadamente Sumamente is stronger than very and can be translated as extremely or highly. Fue sumamente exitosa la campaà ±a de desobediencia civil. (The civil-disobedience campaign was extremely successful.)Sus nià ±as son sumamente inteligentes. (Her daughters are highly intelligent.) A synonym for sumamente is extremadamente: El hotel tiene un baà ±o extremadamente pequeà ±o. (The hotel has an extremely small bathroom.)Me siento extremadamente feliz que encontrà © la parada de bus. (Im extremely happy that I found the bus stop.) Tan Tan is an adverb most often used in phrases such as tan rica como yo (as rich as I am), but it can also stand alone without the como, when it usually is translated as so. Tus abuelos son tan carià ±osos. (Your grandparents are so caring.)El carro es tan hermoso. (The car is so beautiful.) Tan is used this way most often in exclamatory sentences:  ¡Quà © dà ­a tan terrible! (What an awful, terrible day!) ¡Quà © estudiante tan inteligente! (That student is so intelligent!) Key Takeaways The Spanish adverb muy is the most common way of saying very.The suffix -à ­simo can often be used to increase the intensity of adverbs and adjectives.Prefixes used to mean very include archi-, super-, and requete-.

How Carbon-14 Is Used To Date Artifacts

How Carbon-14 Is Used To Date Artifacts In the 1950s W.F. Libby and others (University of Chicago) devised a method of estimating the age of organic material based on the decay rate of carbon-14. Carbon-14 dating can be used on objects ranging from a few hundred years old to 50,000 years old. What Is Carbon-14? Carbon-14 is produced in the atmosphere when neutrons from cosmic radiation react with nitrogen atoms: 147N 10n → 146C 11H Free carbon, including the carbon-14 produced in this reaction, can react to form carbon dioxide, a component of air. Atmospheric carbon dioxide, CO2, has a steady-state concentration of about one atom of carbon-14 per every 1012 atoms of carbon-12. Living plants and animals that eat plants (like people) take in carbon dioxide and have the same 14C/12C ratio as the atmosphere. However, when a plant or animal dies, it stops taking in carbon as food or air. The radioactive decay of the carbon that is already present starts to change the ratio of 14C/12C. By measuring how much the ratio is lowered, it is possible to make an estimate of how much time has passed since the plant or animal lived. The decay of carbon-14 is: 146C → 147N 0-1e (half-life is 5720 years) Example Problem A scrap of paper taken from the Dead Sea Scrolls was found to have a 14C/12C ratio of 0.795 times that found in plants living today. Estimate the age of the scroll. Solution The half-life of carbon-14 is known to be 5720 years.​ Radioactive decay is a first order rate process, which means the reaction proceeds according to the following equation: log10 X0/X kt / 2.30 where X0 is the quantity of radioactive material at time zero, X is the amount remaining after time t, and k is the first order rate constant, which is a characteristic of the isotope undergoing decay. Decay rates are usually expressed in terms of their half-life instead of the first order rate constant, where k 0.693 / t1/2 so for this problem: k 0.693 / 5720 years 1.21 x 10-4/year log X0 / X [(1.21 x 10-4/year] x t] / 2.30 X 0.795 X0, so log X0 / X log 1.000/0.795 log 1.26 0.100 therefore, 0.100 [(1.21 x 10-4/year) x t] / 2.30 t 1900 years

Economics of Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Economics of Law - Essay Example Thus they might use an accomplice to watch for police, buy more sophisticated equipment to break into cars more quickly, etc. On the other hand, some potential offenders find that the expected reward from crime is less than the expected cost. Similarly, if the opportunity which knocks at the door of offender which costs his devoted time to criminal activity, potential offenders are likely to reduce their criminal activity. The greater the opportunity, the higher would be the cost, thus we expect the supply of crime to decrease when good jobs in the legitimate sector are plentiful, and to increase when unemployment is high. In fact, several studies have confirmed this theory, by showing that crime rises and falls with the business cycle and the ups and downs of the economy. What about the "demand" side of the market Potential victims can take costly actions such as installing burglar alarms, taking cabs instead of walking in high-crime areas, purchasing defensive firearms, and taking lessons in self-defence. All of these activities might affect the potential victim's chances of being victimised. Although potential victims do not actually "demand" crime, they do demand-and devote considerable resources to trying to achieve-reductions in their chances of being victimised. This is the reason for why they "demand" less crime. However according to Kopcke et al (2004) "Workers react this way even if demand declines temporarily" (Kopcke et al, 2004) refers to the notion that even if the local authorities go on with penalties and punishments, that would not completely deter offenders. Similar is the case when offender does not certain preventive measures, one might argue that the action of potential offenders is similar to a "demand" for more crime. Although private individuals become the victims of crime, a large part of the "market" for crime is handled through the public sector. The public sector takes on a lot of these responsibilities because crime reduction has many attributes of a "public" good. Examples of other public goods are national defence and pollution control. A public good is one in which people who "consume" the good cannot exclude others from consuming. Thus although it might be in everyone's best interest to contribute to a private effort to reduce pollution or to decrease the supply of crime, since those who do not contribute still enjoy the benefits of these efforts, many people will 'free ride' off the expenditures of others. Thus the private marketplace would not supply enough of that good if left to market forces, and the government might be able to make all citizens better off by taxing them and providing the services directly. The "supply" of crime is therefore affected only by 'supply' treatment prog rams like law enforcement; corrections etc. One of the most common methods to study the relationship

Usability Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Usability Study - Essay Example Despite the slimness, Ipad 2 has a wide screen that makes it possible to view large images. Interestingly, Ipad 2 has only four press buttons. The touch screen technology makes it possible for users to command the Ipad 2 by touching the screen. Additionally, the machine has an inbuilt accelerometer technology that allows images to be viewed in portrait or landscape view. This means that, when the Ipad is rotated in different orientations, images remain upright. Ipad 2 is one of the quickest and fastest mobile application machines. This is made possible by the dedicated dual-core A5 microchip. Ipad 2 is therefore, able to multitask, provide high performance graphics, surf, and perform other multiple functions with exemplary speeds. Notably, the Ipad has two miniature cameras, one at the front and the other at the back. Although they are small, they are very powerful. The camera at the front is used for face time video calling. This means that the Ipad can be used for real time video conferencing. The other camera is used for taking photos and videos. It is worth noting that the hundreds of applications that are supported by Ipad 2 are made possible by its operating system. Ipad 2 uses the most advanced mobile operating system called iOS. The iOS operating system supports various mobile technologies such as the accelerometer, touch screen technology, iCloud among others. One of the most interesting applications features in Ipad 2 is iCloud. The iCloud technology enables the users to move files and data from the Ipad to other electronic devices without having to use a connecting device. The iCloud is a communication platform in which different electronic devices can communicate wirelessly with the Ipad. The Ipad 2 comes with a Wi-Fi and 3G connection technology, which can support UMTS, HSDPA, HSUPA internet connections. This means that the device can connect to high-speed internet connection ports fast and seamlessly.

Why texting while and driving should be forbidden Essay Example for Free

Why texting while and driving should be forbidden Essay How would you feel if someone that you held dear to your heart was severely injured or robbed of his or her life over a simple text message? What would be your choice of action if you received a text message while driving? Texting while driving is a dangerous habit that drivers have developed due to texting’s popularity and entertainment. However, the dangers of this unsafe habit should to be prevented by enforcing stronger laws. Texting while driving has taken numerous lives from innocent people while also causing a greater amount of injuries. Although many people over look the dangers of texting while driving due to their own personal reason, research has proven why we should take this habit more seriously. Â   Texting while driving should be forbidden because drivers will not stop on their own, lives are at risk, and statistics have shown how dangerous it is. Texting while driving should be enforced in a stronger law that forbids it because drivers will not ignore the temptation to reply. Many drivers feel that enforcing stronger laws referring to this situation will only make matters worse, which was discussed on debate.org. They feel that it will make matters worse due to their prediction of drivers lowering their phones than normal, which could lead to an increase of car accidents. Although that prediction is possibly an outcome of enforcing stronger laws, this habit cannot be left alone. That feeling and prediction alone does not justify why texting while driving laws should remain the same. We do need stronger laws to ban texting while driving because drivers are not acknowledging other informative approaches. For example, even with numerous articles and many broadcasting commercials on this dangerous habit, drivers continue to text while driving. So if the media, which has always held a strong influence towards its viewers, cannot change people’s mind about this habit, then the only action left to do is enforce stronger laws. Normally, it would take one horrific experience for each driver too fully understand, which is sad, but the majority of human beings learn better from hands on experiences. However, stronger laws should be placed to forbid texting while driving in order to prevent drivers, as well as passengers, from experiencing that horrific experience. Another reason why texting and driving should be forbidding is that there are many lives at risk. Debate.org (year) also discusses how many drivers feel that texting while driving is easy to do. It is disappointing knowing that drivers are not putting their safety first based off that opposing argument. According to Why Do We Still Text and Drive, an article by Cassie Shortsleeve (year), texting is a compulsive behavior. Instead of waiting to respond to a text until we are in a safe environment, we as human beings are so fascinated by information that we give into the temptation to respond to a text as soon as we receive one. Although we live in an era were texting is extremely popular, it should be illegal while driving. Texting while driving should also be forbidden because of statistical and obvious reasons. Texting is a huge distraction to all drivers. Numerous drivers do not take this life threatening habit seriously and try to argue that they are an exception to the rule. However, research has proven that no one is an exception to the rule, texting while driving is extremely dangerous. Statistics, which was provided by textinganddrivingsafety.com (year), states that the minimal amount of time that a driver’s attention is taken away from the road when they are texting while driving is about five seconds. In that short time frame or more, the National Safety Council has records of 1,600,000 car accidents that occur every year because of texting while driving. In that 1,600,000 car accidents, there are 330,000 injuries and 3,331 deaths according to Harvard Center for Risk Analysis Study. With statistics like that, something as simple as texting while driving should be forbidden without any complaints. Texting while driving is not worth the numerous lives that are taken and harmed every year from car accidents. Even though individually, each driver has their own personal reason why they text and drive, it should be forbidden due to its dangers. Drivers that text while driving need to be stopped because there are lives at risk, and statistics have shown how dangerous this habit is. Although it is a natural humanistic thought to think that we can successfully text and drive, there is no reason to justify why it should be legal. References (2011). Texting And Distracted Driving Infograaphic. Texting and Driving Safety Retrieved from http://www.textinganddrivingsafety.com/ Ferreira, Phillip Crystal (March 18, 2013) Should text messaging while driving be illegal? Debate.org. Retrieved from http://www.debate.org/opinions/should-text-messaging-while-driving-be-illegal Tsukayama, Hayley (March 28, 2013) Adults more likely to text and drive than teens, study says. Technology. Retrieved from http://articles.washingtonpost.com/2013-03-28/business/38093466_1_text-message-new-survey-teens

Buddhist Art in Japan Essay -- Art Artistic Arts Buddhist Buddhism Ess

Buddhist Art in Japan Buddhism had an important role in the development of Japanese art between the sixth and the sixteenth centuries. Buddhist art and religion came to Japan from China, with the arrival of a bronze Buddhist sculpture alongside the sutras. Buddhist art was encouraged by Crown Prince Taishi in the Suiko period in the sixth century and Emperor Shomu in the Nara period in the eighth century. In the early Heian period Buddhist art and architecture greatly influenced the traditional Shinto arts, and Buddhist painting became fashionable among the wealthy class. The Amida sect of Buddhism provided the basis for many artworks, such as the bronze Great Buddha at Kamakura in the thirteenth century. Many of the great artists during this Kamakura period were Buddhist monks, and Buddhist art became popular among the masses with scroll paintings, paintings used in worship and paintings of saints, hells and other religious themes. Under the Zen sect of Buddhism, portraiture of priests became popular. Ho wever, Zen had less use for religious images and by the mid sixteenth century most painting in Japan was of landscapes and secular themes. Buddhist art was introduced to Japan along with the Buddhist religion in 552 AD. Almost all the art produced in this Suiko period in Japan was to do with the new religion. "The introduction of the Buddhist faith had from the very start gone hand in hand with the introduction of Buddhist images." (Munsterberg 1985: 19) These Buddhist images included Chinese scrolls depicting the life of Buddha, at first copied by Chinese priests in Japan, later painted by the Japanese themselves. With the introduction of Buddhism, temples were needed for the practicing of the religion. This consisted of ... ...se Art Kodansha Ltd, Tokyo, Japan. Jarves, J (1984) A Glimpse at the Art of Japan Charles E. Tuttle, Tokyo, Japan. Kleiner, F.S., Mamiya, C.J., Tansey, R.G. (2001) Gardeners Art Through the Ages. Eleventh Edition, Harcourt College Publishers, Orlando, USA. Kobayashi, T. (1975) Nara Buddhist Art: Todai-ji. John Weatherhill Inc, NY, USA & Heibonasha, Tokyo Mizuno, S. (1974) Asuka Buddhist Art: Horyu-ji John Weatherhill Inc, NY, USA & Heibonasha, Tokyo Munsterberg, H. (1985) The Arts of Japan An Illustrated History Charles E. Tuttle, Tokyo, Japan. Reeve, J. (1990) Living Arts of Japan British Museum Publications Ltd. London, UK Stanley-Baker, J. (2000) Japanese Art Thames & Hudson, London, UK Smith, B. (1979) Japan A History in Art Gemini Smith Inc. Tokyo, Japan Tsuda, N. (1976) Handbook of Japanese Art Charles E. Tuttle, Rutland, Vermont, USA.

Term Paper on Social Judgement Theory

TRAITS OF CONSUMER BEHAVIOR| A Term Paper on the traits of Consumer Behavior| BY SUSHIL TAMANG | Submitted to: Mr. Rupesh K. Shrestha Facilitator, Consumer Behavior Submitted to: Mr. Rupesh K. Shrestha Facilitator, Consumer Behavior Social judgment theory (SJT) is a persuasion theory proposed by  Muzafer Sherif  and  Carl Hoyland (hoyland & Sherif, 1980). According to Sherif, Social Judgment Theory is the perception and evaluation of an idea by comparing it with current attitudes.We do this by weighing every new idea by comparing it with our present point of view (hoyland & Sherif, 1980). SJT is a theory that focuses on the internal processes of an individual's judgment with relation to a communicated message. SJT was intended to be an explanatory method designed to detail when  persuasive messages  are most likely to succeed. Attitude change  is the fundamental objective of persuasive communication. SJT seeks to specify the conditions under which this change takes place and predict the direction and extent of the attitude change.SJT attempts to explain how likely a person might be to change their opinion, the probable direction of that change, their tolerance toward the opinion of others, and their level of commitment to their position (Mallard, 2010). Social judgment  is how we perceive people, how we form impressions about them and how we think about social things. Social psychology is concerned with how we make these judgments, how accurate they are, and what are the consequences of these judgments. How we form first impressions and respond to people depends on how we judge them.Sometimes we judge people incorrectly. Misjudgments are the basis of prejudice and discrimination. In light if these, information we will try to find out the effects of social judgment on different professionals and their decision style. We try to find out where the social judgment really brings change in the deciders mind. We will see then effects of social judgment o n the mind of the these professional whose decision create a lots of impact on other people. Now before we see how the SJT effects decision of the professional, we must first know what the decision is making process.Judgment is concerned with the discrimination and categorization of stimuli, it attempts to explain how attitudes are expressed, judged, and modified. (Darity, 2008) A judgment occurs when a person compares at least two  stimuli  and makes a choice about them. With regard to social stimuli specifically, judgment processes incorporate both past experiences and present circumstances. (Sherif C. , 1963). As a judgment process, categorization and attitude formation is a product of recurring instances so that past experiences influence decisions regarding aspects of the current situation.Therefore, attitudes are acquired. (Sherif, Sherif, ; Nebergaill, 1965). As we see that our judgment is based on the attitude that we have towards a certain object. And we chose our decis ion on basis of our judgment. But knowing this much only isn’t enough we must also know what are the types of decision we make on basis of our judgment, do we accept object on basis of our judgment or we reject it or we don’t take our bias judgment under consideration. SJT illustrates how people compare their personal positions on issues to other people’s positions.Individuals hold both a personal position on an issue and latitudes of what they think is acceptable or unacceptable in general for other people. (Sherif, Sherif, ; Nebergaill, 1965)  Social attitudes are not cumulative, especially regarding issues where the attitude is extreme. (Mallard, 2010) This means a person may not agree with less extreme stands relative to his/her position, even though they may be in the same direction. Plus people with same attitude may have different opinion on the same matter this is due to their past experience and knowledge.On basis of our judgment we have 3 range of la titude where we accept, reject or non-commit to the object. There is the latitude of acceptance which is the range of ideas that a person sees as a reasonable or worthy of consideration, the latitude of rejection, which is the range of ideas that a person sees as unreasonable or objectionable, and finally the Latitude of non-commitment which is the range of ideas that a person sees as neither acceptable nor questionable. Griffin, 2011) Now, with this information imprinted in our minds, we will try analyze the effect of SJT on the professional whose decision affects other person. We will discuss on two researches that were don’t on professionals with regards to social judgment theory. The first study tries to identify the informational cues that driver-assessor-trained occupational therapist (DATOTs) consider when making driver licensing recommendations for older and functionally impaired clients. (Unsworth, 2007).The research focuses on the cues that clinicians believe that a re most important when making licensing decision. It was found that there were 8 major cues out of which 4 most important were driving instructors intervention, drivers behavior, cognitive and perceptual skill, vehicle handling and 4 lesser cues were road law knowledge, physical skill, sensory function and medical prognosis. (Unsworth, 2007) Although the ranks were seen that way the variation for the lesser important cues were very low meaning they were main consideration by clinicians.So, then putting that prospect and adding it to the older and functionally impaired client, it is clear to say that they will be in disadvantage. The social judgment of clinician will focus more on the lesser cues while judging these clients. The second research focus on the positive aspect of the social judgment. Judgment analysis, the methodology of social judgment theory, has significant potential for overcoming the limitations of a pure information-processing approach. It has been successfully use d in a wide variety of fields, Such as medicine, finance and weather forecasting.It has also been successfully used to analyze the relationship between individuals' decision making in multidisciplinary rehabilitation teams that included occupational therapists. (Harries & Harries, 2001) This research studied prioritization policies in community mental health work; it aimed to find out how SJT helps to make proper, accurate and right decision of mental health referrals. In this research the participants social judgment influenced their decision making even though the protocol said otherwise.This was very important because sometime the client who doesn’t match the basis criteria may need mental care the most. That can only be seen by the insight of participants. There biasness may save a person life. So, we see that two researches above proved one point first, that social judgment theory does effect the decision of professional that's what the term paper aimed to do. We clearly see that attitude, perception, past experience of these professionals effect the decision they make which might not be by the books.The term paper fulfilled its primary purpose but in the process it also shows that having social judgment is negative, it has it pros and cons. Sometimes having social judgment saves peoples live and sometimes it deprive people of their right. SJT helps it make better decision where the protocols aren’t very specific and are sketchy, in those scenarios our insight helps us a lot to differentiate what's right and what's wrong. In conclusion, we can say that whether the SJT has positive or negative impact, its existence is undeniable.Bibliography Darity, W. (2008). Social Judgment Theory: Detroit. Detroit: Macmillian Reference USA. Griffin, E. (2011). A first look at communication Theory. New York: McGraw Hill. Harries, P. A. , ; Harries, C. (2001). Studying clinical reasoning, Part 2: Applying social judgement Theory. British Journal of occupatio nal therapist, 64-69. hoyland, c. I. , ; Sherif, M. (1980). Social Judgment:Assimilation and contrast effect in communication and attitude change. Greenwood. Mallard, J. (2010). Communication Teacher.Sherif, C. (1963). Social categorization as a function of latitude of acceptance and series range. Journal of abnormal and social psychology, 148-156. Sherif, C. , Sherif, M. , ; Nebergaill, R. (1965). Attitude and attitude change. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Company. Unsworth, C. A. (2007). Using Social Judgment Theory to study occupational therapists' use information when making driver licensing recomendation for older and funcitionally impaired adults. The American journal of occupatonal Therapy, 493-502.